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What It Is
Autism is a brain development disorder featuring impairments in communication and social interaction. It is also characterized by repetitive and restricted behaviour, usually shown before a child reaches three years of age.
Genetics as a Cause
A large part of the risk of a child's developing the disorder is heritability, although autism gentics are complicated, and it is usually not clear which genes are responsible.
Other Causes
Other possible causes, including the exposure of children to vaccines, are controversial and the vaccine hypotheses are not supported by convincing scientific proof.
Incidence
The number of autism cases has increased greatly since the 1980s, partly due to the way it is diagnosed; the matter of whether prevalence has actually increased is as yet unresolved.
Effects on Brain
Autism is known to affect many parts of the brain but how this occurs is not yet well understood. In the first year or two of their child's life, parents usually notice signs.
Intervention
Early intervention may help children gain self-care and social skills, but few of these interventions are as yet supported by scientific research. At this time, there is no cure.
Outlook
Independent living is unlikely with severe autism but with milder autism, some success can be expected.
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